Planetary Science Institute

MULTIPLE YEAR AWARD WITH INCREMENTAL FUNDING FOR YEARS ONE TO FIVE. THIS PROPOSAL IS ENTITLED "TREX: TOOLBOX FOR RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION." THIS IS AWARDED IN RESPONSE TO COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NOTICE (CAN) NO. NNH16ZDA009C NASA SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION RESEARCH VIRTUAL INSTITUTE (SSERVI) CYCLE THREE. THE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR IS DR. AMANDA R. HENDRIX WITH PLANETARY SCIENCE INSTITUTE (PSI). PROJECT SUMMARY: THE OVERARCHING GOAL OF THE TREX TEAM IS DEVELOP TOOLS AND RESEARCH METHODS FOR EXPLORATION OF AIRLESS SURFACES THAT ARE COATED IN FINE-GRAINED DUST TO PREPARE FOR HUMAN MISSIONS. OUR TEAM WILL USING LABORATORY SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS AND EXPERIMENTS ACCOMPANIED BY STUDIES OF EXISTING DATA FROM THE MOON AND SMALL BODIES TO UNDERSTAND THEIR SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS AND TO INVESTIGATE IN SITU RESOURCE UTILIZATION (ISRU) POTENTIAL ON SMALL-BODY TARGETS. ADDITIONALLY OUR TEAM WILL DEVELOP INSTRUMENTATION (ESPECIALLY ULTRA-VIOLET_UV_VISIBLE CAPABILITIES) AND SOFTWARE FOR FUTURE USE AT THOSE BODIES (EITHER REMOTELY AND/OR WITH HUMANS). THESE TOOLS WILL IMPROVE MISSION SUCCESS BY DECREASING RISK AND ASSURING THE SAFETY OF ASTRONAUTS AND SPACECRAFT. THE TREX TASKS COMPLEMENT THOSE OF CURRENT SSERVI TEAMS BY EMPHASIZING ANALYSES OF THE FINEST FRACTION OF GRAINS AND UV WAVELENGTHS. TREX HAS 4 THEMES THAT WILL BE ADDRESSED THROUGH THE LIFE TIME OF THE AWARD. THEY ARE: 1) DEVELOPMENT OF NON-AMBIENT (VACUUM MULTI-TEMPERATURE) BROAD WAVELENGTH SPECTRAL DATABASE OF PLANETARY MATERIALS. WE WILL UTILIZE A RANGE OF FACILITIES TO MAKE THE SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS WITH UNIQUE AND OVERLAPPING CAPABILITIES IN ORDER TO DERIVE A ROBUST SET OF CROSS-CALIBRATED LAB DATA. 2) INVESTIGATIONS OF FINE-GRAINED MATERIALS ON THE LUNAR SURFACE. LAB DATA FROM THEME ONE WILL BE USED ALONG WITH SPACECRAFT DATA OF THE MOON AND MODELING TECHNIQUES TO CHARACTERIZE LUNAR GRAIN SIZE MINERALOGY AND CORRELATIONS WITH GEOLOGIC FEATURES WITH AN OVERALL GOAL OF INVESTIGATION ISRU POTENTIAL AND FUTURE INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT NEEDS. 3) INVESTIGATIONS OF FINE GRAINED MATERIALS ON THE SURFACES OF SMALL BODIES. NEAR EARTH OBJECTS (NEO) AND THE MARTIAN MOONS ARE POTENTIAL FUTURE HUMAN DESTINATIONS AND EVOKE A NUMBER OF CRITICAL QUESTIONS REGARDING THE DIVERSITY OF THEIR COMPOSITIONS AND DYNAMICAL HISTORIES. AND 4) DECISION-MAKING IN A FINE-GRAINED ANALOG ENVIRONMENT. WE WILL DEVELOP BOTH SOFTWARE AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR SUE IN THE FIELD AS A TESTING GROUND FOR FUTURE ROBOTIC PLANETARY USES. THE TASKS ACCOMPLISHED BY THE TREX TEAM WILL ENABLE NASA' EXPLORATION OF THE MOON NEO AND THE MOONS OF THE MARS BY ACQUIRING THE INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE THAT WILL SERVE AS TOOLS FOR FUTURE HUMAN AND ROBOTIC EXPLORATION. TREX HAS ASSEMBLED AN INTERNATIONAL TEAM OF EXPERTS TO ADDRESS THESE FOUR THEMES LEVERAGING A NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF THE EXISTING DISTRIBUTED PSI STAFF STRUCTURE AND THEIR EXTENSIVE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MOON SMALL BODIES DATA ANALYSIS AND INSTRUMENT TECHNIQUES AND BY INCORPORATING STUDENTS POST-DOCTORAL RESEARCHERS AND KEY PARTNERS AT OTHER INSTITUTIONS.

RENEWAL FOR THE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NOTICE - THE SMALL BODIES NODE OF NASA'S PLANETARY DATA SYSTEM WITH THE MINOR PLANET CENTER

PURPOSE THE OVERALL GOAL IS TO CURATE THE EXISTING AND ARCHIVE THE FUTURE SMALL BODIES DATA (COMETS, ASTEROIDS, METEORITES, NEOS, TNOS), ACT AS LEAD

THE ULTRAVIOLET MICROMIRROR IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH

THE SMALL BODIES NODE (SBN) WAS FIRST CREATED IN A CALL FOR PROPOSALS APPROXIMATELY 15 YEARS AGO. THE ORIGINAL TEAM WAS FORMED FROM PARTICIPANTS IN T

THE NEAR INFRARED VOLATILES SPECTROMETER SYSTEM (NIRVSS) IS AN INSTRUMENT PACKAGE DESIGNED TO ACQUIRE IMAGING AND SPECTRAL DATA OF TARGETS WITHIN THE LUNAR PERMANENTLY SHADED REGIONS (PSRS). AT ITS CORE THE INSTRUMENT CONSISTS OF A MONOCHROMATIC IMAGER AND A SPECTROMETER THAT COVERS THE WAVELENGTH RANGE OF 1.3 M TO 4 M AT A SPECTRAL RESOLUTION OF 15 TO 30 NM. THE IMAGER USES A SET OF COLOR LEDS TO ILLUMINATE THE TARGET AT DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS WHEREAS A TUNGSTEN LAMP ILLUMINATES THE TARGET FOR THE SPECTROMETER. THREE VERSIONS OF THIS INSTRUMENT ARE EXPECTED TO FLY TO THE MOON AS PAYLOADS ON THE ASTROBOTICS LANDER ON CL19 AND ON THE VOLATILES INVESTIGATING POLAR EXPLORATION ROVER (VIPER) TO BE LAUNCHED ON 2021 2022 AND 2023 RESPECTIVELY. WE PROPOSE HERE TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS OF NIRVSS BY: 1) DEVELOPING DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS TO USE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF NIRVSS DATA. 2) SUPPORTING DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION. 3) PREPARING THE DATA FOR RELEASE WITH THE PDS.

WE PLAN TO INVESTIGATE GEOLOGIC AND TOPOGRAPHIC SETTINGS AND TRIGGERS OF LARGE HISTORIC PRE-HISTORIC AND FUTURE LANDSLIDES IN THE HIMALAYA AND KARAKORAM INCLUDING RIVER DAMMING AND OTHER ASSOCIATED HAZARDOUS EVENTS OF TRANSBOUNDARY CONSEQUENCES. THE REGION OF INTEREST INVOLVES THE INTERNATIONAL BORDER AREAS WITHIN THE LARGER REGION DEPICTED IN FIGURE 1. WE WILL MODEL SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF THE TERRAIN TO PRODUCE SIMILAR LARGE LANDSLIDES IN THE FUTURE DUE TO ICE MELT SEISMICITY OR STOCHASTIC FAILURES. WE WILL USE U OF A S DISTRIBUTED MEMORY CLUSTER TO COMPUTE SEISMIC WAVE PROPAGATION AND SURFACE INTERACTION IN THE COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY AND FIRST-ORDER GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF THE 2015 GORKHA-EARTHQUAKE-AFFECTED HIMALAYAN REGION AND THE 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE AREA IN THE KARAKORAM. SHAKING-RELATED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY WILL BE TESTED USING OUTCOME OF THE 2015 GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; MONSOON RELATED LANDSLIDES WILL BE EVALUATED NEARBY BUT WHERE SEISMICITY WAS WEAK.

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CULTIVATING TOMORROW'S INNOVATORS THROUGH EXPLORING PLANETARY IMAGES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE -THE RAPID PERMEATION OF AI INTO NEARLY ALL WALKS OF LIFE AND EVERY PROFESSION CALLS FOR INNOVATIVE APPROACHES OF PUBLIC AI LITERACY AND EDUCATION IN ALL SETTINGS. THIS PROJECT WILL DESIGN, DEVELOP, AND TEST A SEQUENCE OF LESSONS FOR HIGH SCHOOL AGED YOUTH FROM EAST TENNESSEE THAT WILL TEACH THEM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONCEPTS BY USING IMAGES FROM PLANETARY EXPLORATION AND EMERGING GENERATIVE AI TOOLS TO CREATE VISUALLY APPEALING GENERATIVE ARTWORKS AND DIGITAL STORIES. AI CONCEPTS GROUNDED IN TOPICS THAT ARE RELEVANT AND ENGAGING THROUGH THE LENS OF CREATIVE WORKS CAN SERVE AS AN INVITATION FOR UNDERREPRESENTED AND UNDER-RESOURCED YOUTHS TO EXPLORE FIELDS THAT THEY WOULD NOT OTHERWISE CHOOSE OR HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN ABOUT. THE PROJECT TEAM INCLUDING AI RESEARCHERS AND EDUCATORS, STEM DISCIPLINARY EXPERTS AND THE BROADER CREATIVE WORKS COMMUNITY WILL EMPLOY A MIXTURE OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL AND ONLINE ACTIVITIES, INTEGRATING PLANETARY SCIENCE, PLANETARY EXPLORATION, BIG DATA, CREATIVE WORKS, AND GENERATIVE AI. THE WORKS CREATED BY YOUTHS WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF GENERATIVE AI AND VALIDATED BY SCIENTISTS ON PLANETARY EXPLORATION AND PLANETARY SCIENCE WILL BE SHOWCASED ONLINE, AT THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ENERGY, AND OTHER PUBLIC PLACES. THIS INTEGRATING RESEARCH & PRACTICE PROJECT IS FUNDED BY THE ADVANCING INFORMAL STEM LEARNING (AISL) PROGRAM, WHICH SUPPORTS PROJECTS THAT: (A) CONTRIBUTE TO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE THAT CONSIDERS INFORMAL STEM LEARNING'S ROLE IN EQUITY AND BELONGING IN STEM; (B) PROMOTE PERSONAL AND EDUCATIONAL SUCCESS IN STEM; (C) ADVANCE PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT IN SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY; (D) FOSTER INTEREST IN STEM CAREERS; (E) CREATE AND ENHANCE THE THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE INFORMAL STEM LEARNING; (F) IMPROVE COMMUNITY VIBRANCY; AND/OR (G) ENHANCE SCIENCE COMMUNICATION AND THE PUBLIC'S ENGAGEMENT IN AND UNDERSTANDING OF STEM AND STEM PROCESSES, AND CO-FUNDED BY THE INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EXPERIENCES FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS (ITEST) PROGRAM, WHICH SUPPORTS PROJECTS THAT BUILD UNDERSTANDINGS OF PRACTICES, PROGRAM ELEMENTS, CONTEXTS AND PROCESSES CONTRIBUTING TO INCREASING STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE AND INTEREST IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) CAREERS. OVER THE THREE-YEAR PROJECT DURATION, THE PROJECT WILL DIRECTLY IMPACT APPROXIMATELY 360 HIGH SCHOOL YOUTH AND WILL REACH OUT TO A MUCH LARGER NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS THROUGH ONLINE WEBINARS, WORKSHOPS, NEWSLETTERS, AND EXHIBITS. THE PROJECT WILL INVESTIGATE FOUR RESEARCH QUESTIONS: (1) HOW DOES PARTICIPATION IN AN INTERDISCIPLINARY OUT-OF-SCHOOL STEM PROGRAM INFLUENCE HIGH SCHOOL YOUTHS' AI KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS, STEM ENGAGEMENT AND IDENTITY, AND SENSE OF BELONGING TO A SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY? (2) WHAT DO YOUTHS LEARN ABOUT THE VALUE OF THEIR PERSONAL AND CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS (I.E., ASSETS) TO THE LOCAL AND BROADER COMMUNITY? (3) WHAT PROGRAM CHALLENGES, FEATURES, AND CONTENT APPEAR TO HAVE THE GREATEST INFLUENCE ON ENGAGEMENT, IDENTITY, AND BELONGING? (4) HOW DO OUTCOMES VARY BY YOUTH DEMOGRAPHICS INCLUDING GENDER, ETHNICITY, AND URBAN/RURAL ENVIRONMENT? THE RESEARCH WILL USE A MIXED-METHODS DESIGN, COMBINING QUANTITATIVE SURVEYS WITH QUALITATIVE WRITTEN REFLECTIONS AND PICTURES WITH COMMENTARY. IN THE FINAL YEAR OF THE PROJECT, PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOPS WILL TRAIN EDUCATORS TO USE LEARNING MATERIALS GENERATED FROM THE PROJECT. RESEARCH FINDINGS PRODUCED THROUGH THIS WORK WILL CONTRIBUTE NEW KNOWLEDGE ON METHODS AND LEARNING DESIGNS IN INTEGRATING AI, STEM AND ART FOR INFORMAL STEM EDUCATION. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

THIS PROPOSAL IS TO SUPPORT THE PI'S ACTIVITIES AS DEPUTY PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR OF THE CHEMIN MINERALOGICAL INSTRUMENT THAT IS PART OF THE MARS SCIE

MOTIVATION: THE LUNAR HEAT FLUX RADIOMETER (HFR) WILL PEER INTO THE LUNAR SUBSURFACE USING MICROWAVE WAVELENGTHS (~10-200CM 300MHZ TO 6GHZ AND A 90GHZ SURFACE RADIOMETER) PROVIDING A MEASUREMENT OF GEOTHERMAL HEAT FLUX WITHOUT NEED FOR DRILLING.

22-MDAP22_2-0035 HIGH-RESOLUTION 3D RADAR MAPPING ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF THE INTERNAL LAYERS WITHIN THE NORTH POLAR LAYERED DEPOSITS

UNDERSTANDING RADIATION PROCESSING AND ALTERATION OF ICY REGOLITHS

22-ANGSA22_2-0002 SPECTROSCOPIES FOR ASSESSING REDOX CONDITIONS (SPARC)

SHAPE, TOPOGRAPHY AND INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF MERCURY FROM MDIS DATA DURING THE PAST TWO DECADES, I HAVE DEVELOPED TECHNIQUES FOR COMBINING STEREOGRAPH

INVESTIGATING THE GEOPHYSICAL CONTROL OF 67P CHURYUMOV GERASIMENKOS OUTBURST PLUMES

SATELLITE ALTIMETRY HAS RESHAPED OUR VISION OF THE GLOBAL EDDY FIELD WITH LONG-LIVED PROPAGATING COHERENT EDDIES NOW UNDERSTOOD TO BE A MAJOR FEATURE OF THE OCEAN CIRCULATION. MUCH OF OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE GLOBAL EDDY FIELD IS BASED ON GRIDDED

PLANETARY SCIENCE INSTITUTE US NEAR-EARTH OBJECT SURVEILLANCE SATELLITE SCIENCE TEAM SUPPORT: THIS PROPOSAL REQUESTS SUPPORT FOR THE PARTICIPATION

THE AIM OF THE PROPOSED WORK IS TO EVALUATE A NEW SCINTILLATOR, EUROPIUM DOPED STRONTIUM IODIDE, FOR PLANETARY GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY. THE PROPOSAL W

WE PROPOSE TO STUDY AN INSTRUMENT CONCEPT TO IMPROVE UPON CURRENT CAPABILITIES IN UV IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY FOR PLANETARY USES. THE CONCEPT IS A UV MICROMIRROR SPECTROGRAPH WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS INCLUDING DISCOVERY- AND NEW FRONTIERS-CLASS MISSIONS. THE STATE-OF-THE-ART UV IMAGING SPECTROGRAPHS SUCH AS THE SWRI-BUILT ALICE INSTRUMENTS (INCLUDING JUNO UVS ROSETTA ALICE AND LRO LAMP) AND THE LASP-BUILT CASSINI UVIS AND MAVEN IUVS RETURN USEFUL DATASETS FROM THEIR TARGETS AND HAVE OPENED UP THE FIELD TO THE NEXT QUESTIONS TO ADDRESS. RECENT TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES HAVE ENABLED INSTRUMENT IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF PLANETARY SCIENCE MISSIONS. FURTHERMORE A RANGE OF POSSIBLE UPCOMING MISSIONS COULD SUCCESSFULLY UTILIZE SUCH IMPROVED UV INSTRUMENTATION. THE GOAL OF THIS PROGRAM IS TO DEVELOP A PROOF-OF-CONCEPT INSTRUMENT FOR INTEGRAL FIELD FAR-UV SPECTROSCOPY. BY UTILIZING A PAIR OF DIGITAL MICROMIRROR ARRAYS THIS CONCEPT INSTRUMENT WILL BE CAPABLE OF DISSECTING THE FOCAL PLANE AND RE-FORMING IT INTO A SERIES OF SLITSHAPES TO OVERCOME THE LIMITATIONS OF SPECTRAL CONFUSION. THE TRL OF THE SYSTEM IS CURRENTLY ESTIMATED AT ~2. WE EXPECT TO ADVANCE THE TRL TO ~4 THROUGH THIS PICASSO PROGRAM TO BE READY TO PROPOSE TO MATISSE FOR FOLLOW-ON WORK AND FURTHER TRL ADVANCEMENT.

EXTENDED MISSION 4 SUPPORT FOR THE CHEMIN MINERALOGICAL INSTRUMENT ONBOARD MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY: EXPERIMENT PLANNING DATA ANALYSIS AND MISSION OPERATIONS

NASA S DAWN SPACECRAFT COMPLETED ITS YEARLONG MAPPING MISSION AROUND ASTEROID (4) VESTA IN AUGUST 2012. DURING THIS PERIOD, THE DAWN FRAMING CAMERA (

THIS PROPOSAL COVERS DR. DAVID VANIMAN'S ACTIVITIES AS A CO-INVESTIGATOR FOR THE CHEMIN MINERALOGICAL INSTRUMENT WHICH IS PART OF THE INSTRUMENT SUITE ON THE MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY (MSL) ROVER CURIOSITY DURING THE EXTENDED MISSION PHASE THROUGH 2019 AND INTO 2021. THE PROPOSAL INCLUDES CONTINUING SUPPORT FOR STEVE CHIPERA AS WELL AS COVERAGE FOR DR. PATRICIA CRAIG AS A CHEMIN POST-DOCTORAL RESEARCH SCIENTIST. DR. VANIMAN WAS A NAMED CO-I ON THE ORIGINAL CHEMIN INSTRUMENT PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE MSL MISSION ANNOUNCEMENT OF OPPORTUNITY AND HIS INCLUSION WAS VALIDATED AT THAT TIME BY DR. MICHAEL MEYER MARS PROGRAM SCIENTIST AT NASA HEADQUARTERS. IN THE INTERVAL BETWEEN CHEMIN'S SELECTION AS AN MSL PAYLOAD ELEMENT AND THE LAUNCH OFMSL (PHASES A-D OF THE INSTRUMENT PROJECT) DR. VANIMAN WAS SUPPORTED THROUGH CONTRACTS ADMINISTERED DIRECTLY FROM THE MARS PROGRAM OFFICE AT THE JET PROPULSION LABORATORY DURING WHICH TIME HE WAS MADE DEPUTY PI OF CHEMIN. IN THIS CAPACITY DAVID VANIMAN HAS HAD EQUAL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY TO THE CHEMIN PI DR. DAVID BLAKE. DURING PHASE E OF THE INSTRUMENT PROJECT (MISSION OPERATIONS) VANIMAN'S ACTIVITIES HAVE BEEN SUPPORTED THROUGH COOP AGREEMENTS ADMINISTERED THROUGH AMES RESEARCH CENTER. IN 2017 THE DEPUTY PI WERE TRANSFERRED TO ELIZABETH RAMPE OFNASA-JSC AND VANIMAN TRANSITIONED TO CO-I STATUS; THIS TRANSITION WAS AGREED TO BY MICHAEL MEYER MARS PROGRAM SCIENTIST AT NASA HEADQUARTERS. THE DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF CHEMIN CO-I'S FOR THE PRIME MISSION WERE DELINEATED IN THE CHEMIN EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS PLAN (JPL D-36918) "CHEMIN EOP" OR "EOP" AND PUBLICATIONS LISTED THEREIN. THESE DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS HAVE WORKED WELL DURING THE PRIME MISSION AND THE FIRST AND SECOND EXTENDED MISSIONS AND WILL BE MAINTAINED INTO THE THIRD EXTENDED MISSION.

THE PLANETARY SCIENCE INSTITUTE (PSI) WITH OUR PARTNER THE TUCSON REGIONAL SCIENCE CENTER (RSC) PROPOSES TO: 1) OFFER A SERIES OF PROFESSIONAL DEVE

EXECUTE A BALANCED SCIENCE PROGRAM BASED ON DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC GUIDANCE FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE ADMINISTRATION PRIORITIES AND DIRECTION FROM CONGRESS. PARTICIPATE AS A KEY PARTNER AND ENABLER IN THE AGENC

EXECUTE A BALANCED SCIENCE PROGRAM BASED ON DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC GUIDANCE FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE ADMINISTRATION PRIORITIES AND DIRECTION FROM CONGRESS. PARTICIPATE AS A KEY PARTNER AND ENABLER IN THE AGENC

THIS PROJECT WILL QUANTIFY THE HYDRATION STATE OF STRATI GRAPHIC UNITS WITHIN MARS'' JEZERO CRATER USING SUPERCAM VISIBLE AND INFRARED (VISIR) SPECTRAL DATA. BY COMBINING LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF MARS ANALOG MATERIALS WITH RADIOACTIVE TRANSFER MODELING THE STUDY WILL DEVELOP METHODS TO ESTIMATE BULK WATER CONTENT AND ASSESS HOW HYDRATION VARIES ACROSS JEZERO''S GEOLOGIC UNITS. THE RESULTS WILL PROVIDE THE FIRST QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATES OF WATER STORED IN ALTERATION MINERALS WITHIN THE CRATER OFFERING IMPORTANT INSIGHTS INTO MARS'' AQUEOUS HISTORY HABITABILITY POTENTIAL AND CLIMATE EVOLUTION. THE METHODOLOGY WILL ALSO ESTABLISH A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING HYDRATION ON MARS USING ROVER-BASED SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS SUPPORTING FUTURE PLANETARY SCIENCE INVESTIGATIONS AND EXPLORATION MISSIONS.

WE WILL OBSERVE 38 UHJS USING THREE SITES IN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE USING MOSTLY MODERATE-APERTURE ROBOTICIZED TELESCOPES TO ACQUIRE HUNDREDS OF TRANSITS WITH MIDTIMES ACCURATE TO 1-2 MINUTES. WE WILL UPDATE THE TRANSIT EPHEMERIDES

SULFATES ARE A COMMON MINERAL IDENTIFIED FROM ORBITAL REMOTE SENSING DATA OF MARS WITH SEVERAL LOCATIONS HAVING LARGE DEPOSITS SUCH AS MERIDIANI PLANUM VALLES MARINERIS AND THE CENTRAL MOUND IN GALE CRATER (AEOLIS MONS). THE GALE SULFATES LIE ABOVE A PHYLLOSILICATE UNIT AND BELOW A SPECTRALLY BLAND POSSIBLE AEOLIAN DEPOSIT. BOTH MONOHYDRATED AND POLYHYDRATED SULFATES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED WITHIN AEOLIS MONS. ADDITIONALLY A DARK-TONED MARKER BED IS OBSERVED WITHIN THE SULFATES AT GALE BUT ITS EXTENT AND ORIGIN ARE UNKNOWN. IN PREPARATION FOR THE SULFATE INVESTIGATION BY THE CURIOSITY ROVER WE INTEND TO PERFORM A DETAILED STUDY OF THE SULFATES ACROSS AEOLIS MONS USING ORBITAL REMOTE SENSING DATA SETS. FOR THIS PROJECT WE HAVE OUTLINED SEVERAL TASKS THAT WILL CHARACTERIZE AND INTERPRET THE SULFATES AND MARKER BED WITHIN AEOLIS MONS TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INSIGHTS INTO THE GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF GALE CRATER AND THE FORMATION OF SULFATES ON MARS. TASK 1 WILL USE CRISM IMAGES TO DETERMINE THE COMPOSITION OF THE SULFATES IN PARTICULAR DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN MONOHYDRATED AND POLYHYDRATED SULFATES AS WELL AS OTHER MINERALS MIXED WITH THE SULFATES. THESE CRISM IMAGES COMBINED WITH VISIBLE IMAGES FROM HIRISE CTX AND HRSC IMAGES WILL BE USED FOR GEOLOGIC MAPPING OF THE SULFATES AND MARKER BED ACROSS THE ENTIRE MOUND EXTENDING THE MAPPING CURRENTLY BEING PERFORMED AT 1:60 000 SCALE OF WESTERN AEOLIS MONS BY CO-I THOMSON. TASK 2 WILL PRODUCE 8 NEW HIRISE-DERIVED DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS (DTMS) AND THEN MEASURE BEDDING ORIENTATION AND THICKNESS OF THE SULFATES AND MARKER BED FROM THESE DTMS. WE WILL CREATE DETAILED STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONS AT APPROXIMATELY 8-12 LOCATIONS ACROSS AEOLIS MONS THAT ENCOMPASS THE SULFATES AND THE MARKER BED. THE RESULTS WILL ENHANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE VERTICAL AND LATERAL VARIABILITY OF THE SULFATES AND DETERMINE IF THE SULFATES THAT WILL BE EXPLORED BY THE CURIOSITY ROVER ARE REPRESENTATIVE OF ALL THE SULFATES SEEN FROM ORBIT ACROSS AEOLIS MONS. FOR THE MARKER BED WE WILL UTILIZE THE DTMS TO DETERMINE IF THE BED ALWAYS OCCURS BETWEEN THE SAME SULFATE LAYERS MEASURE ITS ELEVATION AND THICKNESS ACROSS AEOLIS MONS AND LOOK FOR VARIATIONS IN SLOPE AND DIP OF THE BED. WE WILL THEN USE THESE MEASUREMENTS TO SUGGEST THE MOST PLAUSIBLE FORMATION MECHANISM(S) FOR THE MARKER BED AS WELL AS IDENTIFY THE KEY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE MARKER BED THAT COULD BE ADDRESSED BY THE MSL ROVER INSTRUMENTS AS PART OF TASK 4. TASK 3 WILL COMPARE OUR RESULTS FROM THE GALE SULFATES TO OTHER SULFATES FOUND ON MARS ESPECIALLY THOSE IN MERIDIANI PLANUM AND VALLES MARINERIS WHERE TEAM MEMBERS HAVE ALREADY CONDUCTED PREVIOUS ANALYSES. THE GOAL IS TO LEARN IF THE GALE SULFATES ARE SIMILAR IN THEIR COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGY TO OTHER MARTIAN SULFATE DEPOSITS. FORMATION SCENARIOS FOR THE SULFATES WITHIN THE GALE MOUND WILL BE INVESTIGATED IN RELATION TO OTHERS ON MARS USING PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED CHEMICAL MODELING AND LABORATORY STUDIES OF SULFATE DEPOSITION. TASK 4 WILL LOOK SPECIFICALLY AT ORBITAL DATA OF THE SULFATES THAT ARE LIKELY TO BE TRAVERSED BY THE CURIOSITY ROVER IN ORDER TO RELAY OUR FINDINGS FROM THIS INVESTIGATION AND PROVIDE KEY QUESTIONS TO THE MSL SCIENCE TEAM THAT COULD BE INVESTIGATED BY THE ROVER ONCE IT REACHES THE SULFATES AND MARKER BED BASED UPON OUR RESULTS FROM TASKS 1-3. THIS PROPOSAL IS RELEVANT TO MDAP BECAUSE IT ADDRESSES THE MDAP GOAL TO ENHANCE THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN FROM MISSIONS TO MARS CONDUCTED BY NASA AND OTHER SPACE AGENCIES BY USING MULTIPLE MARTIAN DATA SETS FROM FOUR SEPARATE ORBITAL MISSIONS (MGS ODY MEX AND MRO) AND WILL CONTRIBUTE TO ONGOING GEOLOGIC ANALYSES OF THE SURFACE OF MARS WITH A FOCUS ON SULFATE DEPOSITS AT GALE CRATER.

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: GLOBAL EDDY-DRIVEN TRANSPORT ESTIMATED FROM IN SITU LAGRANGIAN OBSERVATIONS

THE PROPOSED ANALYSES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BROADEN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF BOTH PRE-AND POST-ERUPTIVE OXIDATIVE AND REDUCTIVE CONDITIONS IN LUNAR IGNEOUS MATERIALS AND THE LUNAR INTERIOR. THEY OVERCOME A LIMITATION OF CURRENT REDOX STUDIES IN LUNAR GLASSES MANY OF WHICH HAVE BEEN STORED IN TERRESTRIAL AIR SUBSEQUENT TO THEIR RETURN TO EARTH. IT IS KNOWN THAT REDOX STATES IN GLASSES CAN BE HIGHLY REACTIVE. THUS TO TRULY UNDERSTAND THE FO2 EVOLUTION OF THE LUNAR INTERIOR IT IS CRITICAL TO COMPARE PRISTINE LUNAR SAMPLES TO PREVIOUSLY-STUDIED ONES THAT HAVE HAD LENGTHY EXPOSURES TO EARTH S OXYGEN-RICH ATMOSPHERE.

EXPLORING KEY SOLAR SYSTEM EVOLUTION PROCESSES BY DEBIASING THE MAIN ASTEROID BELT

PSI ASTEROID/DUST SUBNODE OF THE NASA ' S PDS SMALL BODIES NODEIN THIS PROPOSAL WE DISCUSS THE GENER

PLANETARY SCIENCE INSTITUTE IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CATASTROPHES: INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF IMPACT EVENTS ON THE CLIMATE SYSTEM AN ENVIRONMENTAL

THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH ARE RELEVANT TO NASA S SOLAR SYSTEM WORKINGS PROGRAM WHICH SUPPORTS RESEARCH INTO THE GEOLOGIC PROCESSES OCCURRING ON PLANETARY BODIES AND SEEKS TO ADDRESS THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES.

PHASE II WILL ADVANCE THE VENUS BALLOON MISSION CONCEPT BY DEVELOPING A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP DEFINING A SCIENCE-DRIVEN MISSION IMPROVING SOE STACK PERFORMANCE IN VENUS-LIKE CONDITIONS DESIGNING A VENUS-COMPATIBLE PROTOTYPE AND ENABLING AUTONOMOUS OPERATIONS. THE TEAM WILL ALSO COLLABORATE ON AEROBOT NAVIGATION TECHNOLOGY. BY THE END OF THE PHASE THEY AIM TO BE READY FOR FURTHER TECHNOLOGY MATURATION AND TO BUILD SUPPORT FOR A FUTURE VENUS BALLOON MISSION ULTIMATELY PAVING THE WAY FOR SAMPLE-RETURN AND HUMAN EXPLORATION MISSIONS.

THE GENESIS MISSION COLLECTED SOLAR WIND AND BROUGHT IT BACK TO EARTH IN ORDER TO PROVIDE PRECISE KNOWLEDGE OF SOLAR ISOTOPIC AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITI

THE DAWN MISSION TO THE MINOR PLANET CERES (DIAMETER 950 KM) BEGAN IN 2014 AFTER ITS SUCCESSFUL MISSION TO VESTA. DAWN ACQUIRED IMAGE SPECTRAL AND TOPOGRAPHIC DATA DURING ITS APPROACH TO CERES (LATE 2014) THROUGH TWO EXTENDED MISSIONS UNTIL THE DAWN MISSION CONCLUDED IN NOVEMBER 2018. GLOBAL GEOLOGIC MAPPING OF CERES BEGAN WITH FRAMING CAMERA IMAGES ACQUIRED DURING THE APPROACH AND SURVEY PHASES OF THE MISSION. DATA ACQUIRED DURING THE HIGH ALTITUDE MAPPING ORBIT (HAMO) PROVIDED A SECOND ITERATION OF THE GLOBAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF CERES TO BE GENERATED AT A SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF 140 M/PIXEL. ACQUISITION OF LOW ALTITUDE MAPPING ORBIT (LAMO) PERMITTED CERES TO BE DIVIDED INTO 15 QUADRANGLES FOR HIGHER RESOLUTION GEOLOGIC MAPPING (35 M/PIXEL). LASTLY FOLLOWING DAWN S NOMINAL MISSION TO CERES TWO EXTENDED MISSIONS WERE APPROVED AND ADDITIONAL DATA AT VARIOUS ALTITUDES (AND RESULTING RESOLUTIONS) WERE ACQUIRED (XM01-XM07) BUT NOT INCORPORATED INTO ANY GLOBAL GEOLOGIC MAPPING PRODUCTS. THIS PROPOSED WORK WILL UTILIZE DAWN FRAMING CAMERA (FC) IMAGES VISIBLE AND INFRARED (VIR) MAPPING SPECTROMETER MULTISPECTRAL DATA GAMMA RAY AND NEUTRON DETECTOR (GRAND) DATA AND DERIVED TOPOGRAPHIC DATA TO CONSTRUCT A REVISED GLOBAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF CERES BASED ON SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLETE DAWN MISSION DATASETS. THIS PROPOSED GEOLOGIC MAP OF CERES WILL BE PUBLISHED AS A U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (USGS) SPECIAL INVESTIGATION MAP (SIM) AT 1:3M (EQUATORIAL) AND 1:1.5M (POLAR). THIS INVESTIGATION SUPPORTS THE SCIENCE RETURN OF THE DAWN MISSION AND GENERATES A USEFUL DIGITAL GEOLOGIC MAP PRODUCT FOR THE COMMUNITY. WE PROPOSE THREE MAIN RESEARCH TASKS: (1) CONDUCT GEOLOGIC MAPPING. WE WILL PRODUCE A GLOBAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF CERES BUILDING ON PREVIOUS GEOLOGIC MAPS OF CERES AT VARIOUS SCALES. (2) DETERMINE RELATIVE AGES AND STRATIGRAPHY OF MAPPED UNITS AND FEATURES VIA ANALYSIS OF CRATER SIZE-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION STATISTICS AND STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS (E.G. SUPERPOSITION CROSS-CUTTING). (3) UPDATE CERES CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY AND GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE (AS NECESSARY). WE PROPOSE TO EVALUATE THE GLOBAL GEOLOGY OF CERES WHERE IMPORTANT SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GEOLOGIC MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ARE PRESERVED. IDENTIFYING AND MODELING SURFACE PROCESSES REQUIRES A COMPLETE CHARACTERIZATION AND STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTING GEOLOGIC UNITS. WE WILL CONSTRUCT A GLOBAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE SURFACE OF CERES TO ADDRESS OUTSTANDING SCIENCE QUESTIONS REGARDING THE NATURE AND STRATIGRAPHY OF ITS IMPACT RECORD AND OTHER PAST GEOLOGIC ACTIVITY. THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROPOSAL ARE DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO NASA S DDAP SOLICITATION. THEY WILL ENHANCE THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN OF DISCOVERY PROGRAM MISSIONS AND BROADEN THE SCIENTIFIC PARTICIPATION IN THE ANALYSIS OF DATA COLLECTED BY DISCOVERY MISSIONS. THE RESULTING GEOLOGIC MAP WILL ASSIST IN EVALUATING THE EVOLUTION OF CERES BY COMPLEMENTING THE SCIENCE PRODUCTS PRODUCED BY THE FC VIR AND GRAND TEAMS. OUR TEAM INCLUDES PREVIOUSLY FUNDED MEMBERS OF THE DAWN MISSION AND THE DAWN AT CERES PARTICIPATING SCIENTIST (DAVPS) INVESTIGATION WHO WERE RESPONSIBLE EITHER FOR THE GLOBAL GEOLOGIC MAPPING OF CERES GEOLOGIC MAPPING AT THE LAMO QUAD SCALE AND/OR PROVIDED INSTRUMENT AND DATA SUPPORT. ALSO TEAM MEMBERS HAVE STRONG BACKGROUNDS IN MAPPING THE GEOLOGY OF ROCKY AND ICY PLANETARY BODIES DATA PROCESSING AND/OR ANALYSIS AND EACH MEMBER BRINGS A SPECIFIC SET OF DATA ANALYSIS SKILLS AND GEOLOGIC EXPERTISE THAT WILL ENABLE US TO MAP CERES AND ACCOMPLISH THE SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES PROPOSED IN THIS INVESTIGATION.

THE OBJECTIVE IS TO ARCHIVE ALL AVAILABLE IMAGES OBTAINED WITH THE LOWELL OBSERVATORY NEAR EARTH OBJECT SURVEY (LONEOS) TELESCOPE INTO THE SMALL BODIES NODE OF THE PLANETARY DATA SYSTEM (PDS-SBN).

EO14042 3-D SUBSURFACE IMAGING AND ANALYSIS OF GLACIERS AND LAVA FIELDS WITH SHARAD DATA

WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP A WEB-BASED PLANETARY ORBITAL RADAR PROCESSING AND SIMULATION SYSTEM (PORPASS) BUILT AROUND A NEW GENERALIZED RADAR SOUNDER PROCESSOR (GRASP) AND A NEW 3D ORBITAL RADAR SIMULATOR (OARS).

THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK IS TO PRODUCE A USGS GEOLOGIC MAP AT 1:1 000 000 SCALE FROM 18.5 DEGREES W TO 9.5 DEGREES E AND 0 DEGREES N TO 16 DEGREES N WHICH INCLUDES THE PYROCLASTIC DARK MANTLE DEPOSITS (DMDS) IN SINUS AESTUUM RIMA BODE AND MARE VAPORUM. IN THIS NEW INVESTIGATION WE WILL USE MULTIPLE DATA SETS TO BETTER REFINE THE EXTENT OF PYROCLASTICS FOR THESE THREE DMDS MAP AND DETERMINE THE COMPOSITIONS OF THE MARE AND HIGHLANDS WITHIN OUR STUDY REGION PERFORM CRATER COUNTING TO ESTABLISH AGES EXPLORE THE GEOLOGIC SETTING AND HISTORY OF THE MAPPING REGION IDENTIFY AND MEASURE THE DIMENSIONS OF PLAUSIBLE SOURCE VENTS FOR THE DMDS AND ATTEMPT TO CHARACTERIZE THE ERUPTION(S) THAT EMPLACED EACH DMD. AN IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISTRIBUTION GEOLOGIC SETTING AND ERUPTIONS CONDITIONS THAT PRODUCED THE PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS GAINED THROUGH STRATIGRAPHIC MORPHOLOGIC AND MINERALOGIC CHARACTERIZATION HAS THE POTENTIAL TO REVEAL IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE THERMAL AND VOLCANIC HISTORY OF THE MOON. THERE ARE TWO TASKS FOR THIS INVESTIGATION: TASK 1: PRODUCE A U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (USGS) MAP AT 1:1 000 000 SCALE COVERING THE STUDY REGION THAT ENCOMPASSES THE THREE DMDS OF SINUS AESTUUM RIMA BODE AND MARE VAPORUM. THE GOAL OF TASK 1 IS TO MAP THE EXTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS WITHIN EACH DMD THAT IS NEEDED FOR TASK 2. WE WILL ALSO MAP MARE AND HIGHLAND UNITS BASED UPON MORPHOLOGY TOPOGRAPHY AND COMPOSITION IDENTIFY AND MAP LINEAR FEATURES AND PERFORM CRATER COUNTING FOR AGE ASSESSMENT. TASK 2: BASED UPON THE MAPPING OF IRREGULAR CRATERS AND LINEAR FEATURES AS WELL AS THE AERIAL EXTENT OF THE DMDS IN TASK 1 WE WILL IDENTIFY PLAUSIBLE SOURCE VENTS AND CHARACTERIZE THE ERUPTIONS THAT EMPLACED THE DMDS. RESULTS INCLUDE CONSTRAINING THE STYLE OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION (UMBRELLA PLUME VS. FIRE FOUNTAIN) AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VENT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND DMD EXTENT.

IN THIS STUDY WE PROPOSE TO INVESTIGATE THE GENERATION REDISTRIBUTION AND MIXING OF REGOLITH ON THE MOON AND TO MAKE DIRECT COMPARISONS BETWEEN MODEL SIMULATIONS SPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS LUNAR SAMPLES AND METEORITES TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE SURFACE PROCESSES AND TIMESCALES INVOLVED ON A WIDE RANGE OF IMPACT-DOMINATED PLANETARY SURFACES. THE BASIC PROBLEM THAT WE WISH TO ADDRESS IS: WHAT IS THE DISTRIBUTION OF MATERIAL IN THE UPPERMOST LAYERS OF LUNAR REGOLITH THAT HAS BEEN ISOTOPICALLY RESET BY INDIVIDUAL IMPACTS? THE PROPOSED WORK WOULD DEVELOP A FULLY THREE-DIMENSIONAL REGOLITH/MEGAREGOLITH EVOLUTION MODEL WHICH LEVERAGES TWO EXISTING WELLTESTED AND PUBLISHED MODELS: (I) CRATERED TERRAIN EVOLUTION MODEL (CTEM) [RICHARDSON 2009] WHICH NOW INCLUDES DEPOSITION OF PROXIMAL AND DISTAL EJECTA [HUANG ET AL. 2017]; AND (II) A TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF IMPACT-INDUCED HEATING OF THE CRUST AND IMPACTINDUCED AGE-RESETTING [ABRAMOV ET AL. 2013]. THE PROPOSED COMBINED MODEL WOULD TRACK AGES OF IMPACT MELTS IN SEVERAL ISOTOPIC SYSTEMS AND PREDICT IMPACT MELT AGE DISTRIBUTIONS AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH. THE MODEL OUTPUT WOULD THEN BE STATISTICALLY COMPARED TO MELT AGES IN LUNAR METEORITES WHICH REPRESENT A FAIRLY RANDOM SAMPLING OF THE UPPER REGOLITH. THROUGH THIS COMPARISON AN ASSESSMENT OF SEVERAL PROPOSED SCENARIOS OF EARLY LUNAR BOMBARDMENT HISTORY WILL BE PERFORMED. IN TASK I A LIBRARY OF EJECTA VOLUMES TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS AND MEAN MELT FRACTIONS FOR EJECTA BLANKETS ASSOCIATED WITH A BROAD RANGE OF IMPACTORS IN THE 1-200 KM RANGE WILL BE CREATED. IN TASK II AN EXISTING ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF AGE-RESETTING WITHIN COOLING IMPACT EJECTA BLANKETS WOULD BE USED TO CREATE A LIBRARY OF THE DEGREE OF AGE-RESETTING IN THE DEPTH-TEMPERATURE PARAMETER SPACE. IN TASK III THE REGOLITH AGE-RESETTING MODEL WOULD BE RUN FOR SEVERAL BOMBARDMENT SCENARIOS INCLUDING A POST-ACCRETIONARY EXPONENTIAL DECLINE AS WELL AS "SPIKE-" AND "SAWTOOTH-" TYPE LATE BOMBARDMENTS. IN TASK IV THE RESULTS OF THE REGOLITH MODEL WILL BE COMPARED TO RECORDED MELT AGES IN LUNAR METEORITES USING STATISTICAL METHODS. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM WORKINGS (SSW) PROGRAM WHICH SEEKS TO "ADDRESS THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES THAT AFFECT THE SURFACES ... OF PLANETARY BODIES." THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS THAT INCLUDE "DATA SYNTHESIS RELEVANT TO THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING PLANETARY SYSTEMS" ARE ENCOURAGED BY SSW AND PROCESSES THAT RESULT IN "EVOLUTION AND MODIFICATION OF SURFACES" SUCH AS IMPACT CRATERING ARE SPECIFICALLY HIGHLIGHTED. THE PROPOSED INVESTIGATION DOES NOT HAVE A SIGNIFICANT DATA ANALYSIS COMPONENT AND IS THUS MORE APPROPRIATE FOR SSW THAN LUNAR DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAM. THIS PROPOSAL DIRECTLY ADDRESSES THE HIGHEST LUNAR SCIENCE PRIORITIES IDENTIFIED BY THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (NRC) AS WELL AS THE GUIDING THEMES AND OBJECTIVES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION ROADMAP AND THE NASA STRATEGIC PLAN.

A FRESH EXAMINATION OF THE MOON'S YOUNG CRATERS: INSIGHTS FROM NEW DATASETS AND ANALYSIS TOOLS

SIMULATION OF SPACE WEATHERING EFFECTS ON THE MOONTHE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED EFFORT IS THE ANALYTIC

ENHANCED THERMOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR MARS RESEARCH

DIVERSITY AND INCLUSIVENESS ALONG GENDER ETHNICITY ABILITY SEXUAL ORIENTATION GENERATIONAL AND OTHER AXES IS A BUSINESS AS WELL AS A SOCIAL IMPERATIVE. IT LEADS TO INNOVATION AND PROTECTS AGAINST GROUPTHINK AND STAGNATION. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH SHOWS THAT INTELLECTUAL CROSS-FERTILIZATION IS AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INNOVATION AND NEW IDEAS AND THAT DIVERSE GROUPS COME UP WITH BETTER IDEAS AND SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS. THIS IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FOR SCIENCE WHERE WE ARE PUSHING BACK THE FRONTIERS OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE AND ANSWERING NEW AND UNIQUE QUESTIONS. FURTHERMORE DIVERSITY WITHIN A TEAM GIVES GREATER ABILITY TO REACH NEW GROUPS FOR OUTREACH AND SUPPORT SO A MORE DIVERSE WORKFORCE ENABLES INTERESTING A MORE DIVERSE POPULATION. WHILE ONE OF NASA S 3 MAIN STRATEGIC GOALS INVOLVES SERVING THE AMERICAN PUBLIC THE CURRENT PLANETARY SCIENCE WORKFORCE IS NOT NEARLY AS DIVERSE AS THE U.S. POPULATION. THE PLANETARY SCIENCE WORKFORCE IS 25% WOMEN AND 87% WHITE COMPARED TO THE POPULATION WHICH IS 50% WOMEN AND 64% WHITE. RECENT STUDIES INTO THE COMPOSITION OF ROBOTIC NASA SPACECRAFT MISSIONS DEMONSTRATES THAT WOMEN ARE FURTHER UNDERREPRESENTED ON THOSE SCIENCE TEAMS. NASA S 2014 STRATEGIC PLAN FURTHER STATES THAT NASA S MOST POWERFUL ASSET IS A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TEAM OF DIVERSE COMPETENT PEOPLE. THE WORK PROPOSED HERE WILL HELP NASA S PLANETARY SCIENCE WORKFORCE TO BECOME MORE DIVERSE AND EQUITABLE. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO QUANTIFY TRENDS IN DIVERSITY WITHIN THE NASA PLANETARY MISSION AND RESEARCH PORTFOLIO AND EXECUTE STRATEGIES TO ENRICH THAT DIVERSITY IN THE NEAR FUTURE. SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES MUST ADDRESS ANY BARRIERS HINDERING STRONG DIVERSITY IN NASA S PLANETARY SCIENCE PORTFOLIO. TO ACCOMPLISH THIS GOAL WE PROPOSE THREE MAIN TASKS: 1. EXPAND DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF WOMEN AND OTHER UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS IN MEASURES OF SUCCESS SUCH AS SELECTION ON SPACECRAFT MISSION TEAMS AND R&A PROPOSALS; 2. CONDUCT A NEW SURVEY OF THE PLANETARY SCIENCE WORKFORCE IMPROVING UPON THE 2011 STUDY; 3.WORK WITH SOCIAL SCIENTISTS TO DETERMINE POSSIBLE POLICY CHANGES THAT CAN INCREASE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN AND OTHER UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS IN PLANETARY SCIENCE.

ASSESSING THE PRESERVATION OF FLUVIAL PATHWAYS IN THE TERRESTRIAL GEOLOGIC RECORD: ANALOGS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF MARTIAN RAISED CHANNELSCONSTRAIN

OBJECTIVES: THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO CHARACTERIZE THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE REGOLITH PROPERTIES OF LUNAR SWIRLS. THESE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES CAN BE USED TO HELP DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE THREE FORMATION MECHANISMS FOR LUNAR SWIRLS. LUNAR SWIRLS ARE SINUOUS HIGH- AND LOW-REFLECTANCE REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH LOCALIZED MAGNETIC ANOMALIES [1 2]. THE THREE HYPOTHESIS EXPLAINING THEIR ORIGIN INCLUDE: (1) SHIELDING FROM SOLAR WIND IRRADIATION BY THE MAGNETIC ANOMALY WHICH IMPEDES ONE OF THE SPACE WEATHERING PROCESSES ACTIVE ON THE LUNAR SURFACE [3 4] (2) SORTING OF SOIL GRAINS THROUGH ELECTROMAGNETIC DUST LEVITATION WHICH WOULD PREFERENTIALLY ACCUMULATE FELDSPAR-RICH DUST [5] OR SMALL GRAINS WITH A LOWER COMPONENT OF NANOPHASE IRON [6] AND (3) FORMATION FROM COMETARY IMPACTS IN WHICH THE REMANENT MAGNETIC FIELD IS GENERATED BY THE IMPACT EVENT [7]. METHODS: EACH OF THE FORMATION PROCESSES WOULD PRODUCE DIFFERENT REGOLITH PROPERTIES. IN THE SHIELDING HYPOTHESIS THOSE REGIONS THAT ARE SHIELDED WOULD CONTAIN A LOWER QUANTITY OF NANOPHASE IRON THE GRAINS WOULD HAVE THINNER RADIATION-DAMAGE PRODUCED RIMS (AFFECTING SCATTERING PROPERTIES) AND THERE WOULD BE NO SIZE SORTING OF REGOLITH COMPONENTS. IN THE ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSPORT HYPOTHESIS THERE WOULD BE A LOWER QUANTITY OF GRAINS WITH NANOPHASE IRON RADIATION-DAMAGED RIMS WOULD BE UBIQUITOUS BETWEEN THE HIGH- AND LOW-REFLECTANCE REGIONS AND THERE WOULD BE EVIDENCE OF SIZE SORTING WITH A LARGER COMPONENT OF FINE GRAINS. IN THE COMETARY IMPACT HYPOTHESIS THERE WOULD BE NO DIFFERENCE IN NANOPHASE IRON CONTENT RADIATION-DAMAGED RIMS WOULD BE UBIQUITOUS BETWEEN THE HIGH- AND LOW-REFLECTANCE REGIONS AND THERE WOULD BE NO EVIDENCE OF SIZE SORTING WITHIN THE REGOLITH. THESE REGOLITH PROPERTIES CAN BE CHARACTERIZED USING A COMBINATION OF PHOTOMETRIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC MODELING. USING HAPKE S MODEL THE DIFFERENCES IN THE SCATTERING PROPERTIES OF THE REGOLITH CAN BE QUANTIFIED [8 9]. SPECTRAL MIXING MODELS CAN IDENTIFY THE SIZE AND QUANTITY OF SUBMICROSCOPIC/ NANOPHASE COMPONENTS [10]. USING LUNAR SHAPE MODELS TO DERIVED INCIDENCE EMISSION AND PHASE ANGLES THAT ACCOUNT FOR TOPOGRAPHY LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER (LRO) COLOR IMAGES AND MOON MINERALOGY MAPPER (M3) WE WILL APPLY HAPKE S MODEL TO CHARACTERIZE THE SCATTERING PROPERTIES OF THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE SWIRL REGIONS. USING SPECTRAL MIXING MODELS WE WILL EXAMINE THE QUANTITY SIZE AND COMPOSITION OF THE REGOLITH CONSTITUENTS. WE WILL USE THESE METHODS TO CHARACTERIZE AND MAP SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VARIOUS SWIRL REGIONS ACROSS THE LUNAR SURFACE.

THE RECIPIENT SEEKS TO DERIVE FROM LOLA DATA LUNAR SURFACE SLOPES AND ROUGHNESS AS A FUNCTION OF SCALE, AND TO STUDY THE INFLUENCE OF THESE MEASUREME

OPTICAL CONSTANTS ARE FUNDAMENTAL INPUT PARAMETERS IN RADIATIVE TRANSFER AND LIGHT SCATTERING CODES USED FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLANETARY SPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING DATA. THEY ARE NEEDED TO DIRECTLY MODEL HOW LIGHT INTERACTS WITH PARTICULATE S